On freedman equation and the shape of our universe
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the nineteen twenties, the famous Russian mathematician Alexander Freedman formulated an equation which determines the shape and fate of our universe. Freedman derived his equation in general relativity. The equation reveals that the geometry of the universe may be flat, closed or open. The Euclidean, hyperbolic and spherical geometries describe the flat, open and closed universes respectively. Both NASA’s WMAP and ESA’s PLANCK mission show the cosmological curvature parameter, ΩK, to be 0.000±0.005, consistent with a flat universe. Many observational cosmological probes revealed that the universe is flat obeying the classical Euclidean geometry. But till this day, there is no mathematical formulation/proof for the geometry of our universe. In this work, the attempts to establish that the shape of our universe is flat.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2020 Kalimuthu S.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing and protecting the author rights is the central aim and core of the publishing business. Peertechz dedicates itself in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. Peertechz licensing terms are formulated to facilitate reuse of the manuscripts published in journals to take maximum advantage of Open Access publication and for the purpose of disseminating knowledge.
We support 'libre' open access, which defines Open Access in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage rights. The usage rights are granted through the use of specific Creative Commons license.
Peertechz accomplice with- [CC BY 4.0]
Explanation
'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.
With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with Peertechz, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
'CC BY' license observance:
|
License Name |
Permission to read and download |
Permission to display in a repository |
Permission to translate |
Commercial uses of manuscript |
|
CC BY 4.0 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
The authors please note that Creative Commons license is focused on making creative works available for discovery and reuse. Creative Commons licenses provide an alternative to standard copyrights, allowing authors to specify ways that their works can be used without having to grant permission for each individual request. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.
Cornish NJ, Weeks RJ (2000) Measuring the shape of the Universe. Link: https://bit.ly/2ZyFbBI
Luminet JP (2006) The Shape and Topology of the Universe. 21. Link: https://bit.ly/2CD8xG9
Aurich R, Lustig S, Steiner F, Then H (2004) Can one hear the shape of the Universe? Phys Rev Lett 4. Link: https://bit.ly/394Ok8a
Cornish N, Spergel D, Starkman G (1998) Can COBE see the shape of the universe?. Phys Rev 16. Link: https://bit.ly/3fIV5PS
Gomero GI (2002) Can We See the Shape of the Universe?. Int J Mod Phys 6. Link: https://bit.ly/3h56KbO
Gomero GI, Reboucas MJ, Teixeira AFF (2000) Signature for the Shape of the Universe. Int J Mod Phys 11. Link: https://bit.ly/3h7grGH
Gomero GI (2003) Determining the shape of the Universe using discrete sources. Class Quant Grav 11. Link: https://bit.ly/3eDUaif
Bayin SS (2013) Is the Universe Flat?. Link: https://bit.ly/3fDotH4