SARS-CoV-2 Catastrophe and aftermath in 3800 Indian patients with comorbidities: A retrospective study
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections on the basis of hospitalization, ventilation support, oxygen therapy, and morbidity has been a major challenge witnessed by the medical fraternity during 2020 due to the global pandemic. The correlation and effects of the severity caused by the disease outcome due to SARS-CoV-2 infections along with co-morbid factors and lifestyle habits in the diverse Indian population are of greater interest to evaluate.
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between various co-morbid factors, addiction habits, and their contribution towards disease severity, and the need for hospitalisation in a retrospective manner in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients from the eastern part of India.
Methodology: Swab samples from a total of 75000 individuals were screened by RT-PCR technology between the months of July-November, 2020 at the inDNA Life Sciences laboratory as per ICMR guidelines. Out of 75000 individuals, 3800 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals were included in this study. Retrospectively, the positive cases were considered for follow-up investigations. Clinical correlation between the severity of the disease and co-morbid factors along with addiction habits were performed.
Results: We observed that the young age group of 20-30 had the highest incidence of SARS-CoV-2 and the majority of infected individuals were males (66%). Disease transmission was high with the majority of asymptomatic patients presenting with low-grade fever. It was also observed that disease severity, mortality, and average recovery time (>14 days) were higher in patients with co-morbid conditions as compared to patients without co-morbidity. In addition, patients with a history of addiction exhibited higher severity of the disease and longer hospitalization with comparatively high mortality.
Conclusion: In this retrospective study we found, that co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, COPD, asthma, liver disorder, and kidney disorder contributed to the severity or had detrimental outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Addiction to alcohol and smoking/chewing tobacco also results in poor clinical outcomes of the disease. Therefore, understanding the relationship between these risk factors and their association with disease outcomes can further assist the medical fraternity in managing the current patients in the clinic/ hospitals with a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Years after the outbreak, COVID-19 still remains a gray area with probably a lot of answers to be given to mankind.
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