The Impact of Low Carb-KETO Diets on CAD-Why more Research is needed

Main Article Content

Richard M Fleming*
Matthew R Fleming

Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the result of multiple factors – many of which are now routinely tested for - which interact with each other and the patient to produce an inflammatory effect within the walls of the coronary arteries, impairing the ability of these arteries to increase coronary blood flow when needed. Fundamental to changes in these multiple factors as measured by blood tests, are the effect various diets have when consumed by people for an extended period of time. However, changes in these blood tests are poorly correlated with changes in CAD – limiting our current knowledge about the true effect these diets have on CAD. This paper takes a look at the only studies, which have looked at the impact of LowCarb-Ketogenic diets (LCKD) on these blood tests and corresponding changes in CAD.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Fleming, R. M. F., & Fleming, M. R. (2020). The Impact of Low Carb-KETO Diets on CAD-Why more Research is needed. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology, 7(2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-2976.000124
Review Articles

Copyright (c) 2020 Fleming RM, et al.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Licensing and protecting the author rights is the central aim and core of the publishing business. Peertechz dedicates itself in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. Peertechz licensing terms are formulated to facilitate reuse of the manuscripts published in journals to take maximum advantage of Open Access publication and for the purpose of disseminating knowledge.

We support 'libre' open access, which defines Open Access in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage rights. The usage rights are granted through the use of specific Creative Commons license.

Peertechz accomplice with- [CC BY 4.0]

Explanation

'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.

Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.

With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with Peertechz, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
'CC BY' license observance:

License Name

Permission to read and download

Permission to display in a repository

Permission to translate

Commercial uses of manuscript

CC BY 4.0

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

The authors please note that Creative Commons license is focused on making creative works available for discovery and reuse. Creative Commons licenses provide an alternative to standard copyrights, allowing authors to specify ways that their works can be used without having to grant permission for each individual request. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.

Fleming RM (1999) Chapter 64. The Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease. Textbook of Angiology John C. Chang Editor, Springer-Verlag New York NY 787-798. Link: https://bit.ly/3fxQJuW

Fleming RM, Fleming MR (2019) The Importance of Thinking about and Quantifying Disease like Cancer and Heart Disease on a “Health-Spectrum” Continuum. J Compr Cancer Rep 3: 1-3. Link: https://bit.ly/3ckdoc6

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK (2019) FMTVDM provides first patented Quantitative Method to accurately Measure both Heart Disease and Breast Cancer on the “Health-Spectrum”. J Cardiovasc Med Cardiol 6: 019-020. Link: https://bit.ly/35IRTze

Fleming RM (2001) Coronary Artery Disease is More than Just Coronary Lumen Disease. Amer J Card 88: 599-600. Link: https://bit.ly/3bgL3T0

Fleming RM (2003) Angina and coronary Ischemia are the result of coronary regional Blood Flow Differences. J Amer Coll Angiol 1: 127-142. Link: https://bit.ly/3cj4sDV

Sheikh A (2018) Evolution of Quantification in Clinical Nuclear Medicine: A Brief Overview of Salient Uses and Upcoming Trends. J Nucl Med Radiat Ther 9: 1000375. Link: https://bit.ly/2AdrHRO

Fleming RM (2018) FMTVDM©℗ Provides the First True SPECT and PET Quantification and Not Virtual Guesstimation Produced by SUV and Extraction Fraction, Yielding First Accurate Theranostic Method. J Nucl Med Radiat Ther 9: 4. Link: https://bit.ly/3dmF3tg

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, McKusick A, Chaudhuri TK (2018) Semi-quantification limitations: FMTVDM©℗ demonstrates quantified tumor response to treatment with both regional blood flow and metabolic changes. J Nucl Med 59: 1643-1644. Link: https://bit.ly/2LcuFrM

Fleming RM, Harrington GM (2008) What is the Relationship between Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors and Markers of Inflammation? Angiology 59: 16-25. Link: https://bit.ly/2yEvHu0

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK (2019) Changes in Blood Tests Measuring Cholesterol and Inflammation Do Not Correlate with Measured Changes in Coronary Artery Disease. Biomed J Sci Tech Res 20: 15144-15146. Link: https://bit.ly/2SP9ZdX

The Fleming Method for Tissue and Vascular Differentiation and Metabolism (FMTVDM) using same state single or sequential quantification comparisons.

Johnston BC, Zeraatkar D, Han MA, Vernooij RWM, Valli C, et al. (2019) Unprocessed Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption: Dietary Guideline Recommendations from the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) Consortium. Ann Intern Med. Link: https://bit.ly/2zpBCTI

Vernooij RW, Zeraatkar D, Han MA, El Dib R, Zworth M, et al. (2019) Patterns of Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Ann Intern Med. Link: https://bit.ly/3ciTuOV

Zeraatkar D, Johnston BC, Bartoszko J, Cheung K, Bala MM, et al. (2019) Effect of Lower Versus Higher Red Meat Intake on Cardiometabolic and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. Ann Intern Med. Link: https://bit.ly/2YM2Xdv

Valli C, Rabassa M, Johnston BC, Kuijpers R, Prokop-Dorner A, et al. (2019) Health-Related Values and Preferences Regarding Meat Consumption: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. Link: https://bit.ly/2LfQIhi

Zeraatkar D, Han MA, Guyatt GH, Vernooij RWM, El Dib R, et al. (2019) Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Ann Intern Med. Link: https://bit.ly/2WhcibF

Han MA, Zeraatkar D, Guyatt GH (2019) Reduction of Red and Processed Meat Intake and Cancer Mortality and Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Ann Intern Med. Link: https://bit.ly/35IU9GI

Taubes G (2002) What if it’s all been a big fat lie? The New York Times Magazine. Link: https://nyti.ms/2SRNBR7

Whittell G (2004) Dr. Atkins and the $40bn question – was it something that he ate? Times On Line.

Malhotra A (2018) Why modern medicine is a major threat to public health. The Guardian.

Should You Stop Eating Read Meat? A New Paper Has a Controversial Answer. Time. 30 September 2019.

Fleming RM, Ketchum K, Fleming DM, Gaede R (1996) Assessing the independent effect of dietary counseling and hypolipidemic medications on serum lipids. Angiology 47: 831-840. Link: https://bit.ly/3fuvxpM

Fleming RM (2003) Stop Inflammation Now! Published by Putnam Books and Avery Books.

Fleming RM (2000) The Natural Progression of Atherosclerosis in an Untreated Patient with Hyperlipidemia: Assessment via Cardiac PET. Int J Angiol 9: 70-73. Link: https://bit.ly/2WEPIIZ

Fleming RM (2000) The Clinical Importance of Risk Factor Modification: Looking at Both Myocardial Viability (MV) and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI). Int J Angiol 9: 65-69. Link: https://bit.ly/2zpZvdS

Fleming RM (2000) The Fleming Unified Theory of Vascular Disease: A Link Between Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, and Bacterially Aggravated Atherosclerosis (BAA). Angiol 51: 87-89. Link: https://bit.ly/2SPLXPK

Fleming RM, Boyd LB (2000) The Effect of High-Protein Diets on Coronary Blood Flow. Angiology 51: 817-826. Link: https://bit.ly/3cjRi9I

Fleming RM (2002) The Effect of High-, Moderate-, and Low-Fat Diets on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Prev Cardiol 5: 110-118. Link: https://bit.ly/3coApuQ

Cardiovascular Disease: Stop Inflammation Link: https://bit.ly/2xS5Puw

Pogozelski W, Arpaia N, Priore S (2005) The Metabolic Effects of Low-carbohydrate Diets and Incorporation into a Biochemistry Course. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 33: 91-100. Link: https://bit.ly/2Wg8SWv

Kirkpatrick CF, Bolick JP, Kris-Etherton PM, Soffer DE, Willard KE, et al. (2019) Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association Nutrition and Lifestyle Task Force. J Clin Lipidology 13: 689-711. Link: https://bit.ly/2WJZEkm

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK (2019) Restoring the Public Trust in the Patient-Physician Relationship. Int J Nuclear Med Radioactive Subs 2: 000113.

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK (2019) The Need to Actually Measure What We’re Talking about before We Put it All Together. Int J Nuclear Med Radioactive Subs 2: 000114.

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, McKusick A, Chaudhuri TK (2019) Objectively measuring popular diets affect on heart disease and breast cancer. Acta Sci Pharm Sci 3: 81-92.

Matthew R (2000) Storks Deliver Babies (p=0.008). Teaching Statistics 22: 36-38.

Fleming RM, Fleming MR, Chaudhuri TK, Harrington GM (2019) Cardiovascular Outcomes of Diet Counseling. Edel J Biomed Res Rev 1: 21-30.

Bandura A (1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. Link: https://bit.ly/3bf0bQB

Sheikh A (2018) Evolution of Quantification in Clinical Nuclear Medicine: A Brief Overview of Salient Uses and Upcoming Trends. J Nucl Med Radiat Ther 9: 1000375. Link: https://bit.ly/2WfFgsv