Removal of heavy metals from industrial paint effluent using coconut shell-derived activated carbon
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluated the adsorption of heavy metals from paint industry effluent onto activated carbon produced from Coconut shells. The paint effluent samples were characterized before and after treatment via Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to identify the heavy metal ions present in the samples. The adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon and the effect of varying adsorbent particle size, impregnation ratio, and contact time were determined. The activated carbon from coconut shells was characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the surface morphology and surface-active functional group. The SEM revealed development in pore size after adding a chemical activator to create functional adsorption sites. The finding concluded that the smaller particle size of adsorbents, higher surface area, higher contact time, and higher impregnation ratio increase the efficiency of the adsorption process.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Ojewumi ME, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing and protecting the author rights is the central aim and core of the publishing business. Peertechz dedicates itself in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. Peertechz licensing terms are formulated to facilitate reuse of the manuscripts published in journals to take maximum advantage of Open Access publication and for the purpose of disseminating knowledge.
We support 'libre' open access, which defines Open Access in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage rights. The usage rights are granted through the use of specific Creative Commons license.
Peertechz accomplice with- [CC BY 4.0]
Explanation
'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.
With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with Peertechz, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
'CC BY' license observance:
|
License Name |
Permission to read and download |
Permission to display in a repository |
Permission to translate |
Commercial uses of manuscript |
|
CC BY 4.0 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
The authors please note that Creative Commons license is focused on making creative works available for discovery and reuse. Creative Commons licenses provide an alternative to standard copyrights, allowing authors to specify ways that their works can be used without having to grant permission for each individual request. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.
Ojewumi M. Moringa oleifera as natural coagulant in water treatment and production of antifungal soap. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021. IOP Publishing.
Adeyemo I. Studies on degradation of waste papers using microflora/microbial consortia isolated from refuse dumpsites in Ilorin metropolis. International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Science. 2013; 1(1):13-22.
Jabir M, Jabir MM. A study of biodegradation of paper wastes by using bacteria isolated from the soil. Asian Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Environmental Sciences. 2016; 18(3):225-229.
Kim JS, Lee YY, Kim TH. A review on alkaline pretreatment technology for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol. 2016 Jan; 199:42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.085. Epub 2015 Aug 29. PMID: 26341010.
Saxena A, Singh Chauhan P. Role of various enzymes for deinking paper: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2017 Aug; 37(5):598-612. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1207594. Epub 2016 Jul 15. PMID: 27417939.
Ojewumi M, Roosevelt E. Optimization of Bleaching Crude Palm Oil with Activated Snail Shell using Central Composite Design [CCD]. 2022.
Ojewumi ME, Ehinmowo AB, Obanla OR, Durodola BM, Ezeocha RC. Comparative analysis on the bleaching of crude palm oil using activated groundnut hull, snail shell and rice husk. Heliyon. 2021 Aug 10; 7(8):e07747. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07747. PMID: 34430737; PMCID: PMC8371218.
Ojewumi M. Land Remediation and Reclamation Techniques through the Biodegradation of Waste Papers. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. 2022; 57(4).
Ojewumi ME, Ehinmowo AB, Obanla OR, Durodola BM, Ezeocha RC. Comparative analysis on the bleaching of crude palm oil using activated groundnut hull, snail shell and rice husk. Heliyon. 2021 Aug 10; 7(8):e07747. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07747. PMID: 34430737; PMCID: PMC8371218.
Ojewumi ME. Alkaline Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Waste Papers to Fermentable Sugar. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2018; 19(1):211-U233.
Ojewumi M. Biodegradation of Waste Papers: A Sustainable Technology for a Clean Environment, in the United Nations and Sustainable Development Goals. Springer. 2022; 249-259.
Ojewumi M. Co-digestion of cow dung with organic kitchen waste to produce biogas using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing. 2019.
Ojewumi M. Investigation into Alternative Energy Sources from Waste Citrus Peel (Orange): Approach to Environmental Protection. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing. 2019.
Ojewumi ME. Bioconversion of Waste Foolscap and Newspaper to Fermentable Sugar. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2019; 20(4): 35-41.
Ojewumi ME, Chen G. Hydrochar Production by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Microwave versus Supercritical Water Treatment. Biomass. 2024; 4(2): 574-598.
SIME T. Investigation of Activated Carbon as Adsorbent for Paint Industry Wastewater Treatment. Addis Ababa Science and Technology University. 2018.
Annadural G, Juang RS, Lee DJ. Adsorption of heavy metals from water using banana and orange peels. Water Sci Technol. 2003; 47(1):185-90. PMID: 12578193.
Yu C, Han X. Adsorbent material used in water treatment - A review. in 2015 2nd International Workshop on Materials Engineering and Computer Sciences. Atlantis Press. 2015.
Nyamful A. Processing and characterization of activated carbon from coconut shell and palm kernel shell waste by H3PO4 activation. Ghana journal of science. 2020; 61(2): 91-104.
Pan L, Nishimura Y, Takaesu H, Matsui Y, Matsushita T, Shirasaki N. Effects of decreasing activated carbon particle diameter from 30 μm to 140 nm on equilibrium adsorption capacity. Water Res. 2017 Nov 1; 124:425-434. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.075. Epub 2017 Aug 1. PMID: 28787680.
Saeidi N, Lotfollahi MN. Effects of powder activated carbon particle size on adsorption capacity and mechanical properties of the semi activated carbon fiber. Fibers and Polymers. 2015; 16:543-549.
Suttiponparnit K, Jiang J, Sahu M, Suvachittanont S, Charinpanitkul T, Biswas P. Role of Surface Area, Primary Particle Size, and Crystal Phase on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Dispersion Properties. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Dec; 6(1):27. doi: 10.1007/s11671-010-9772-1. Epub 2010 Sep 3. PMID: 27502650; PMCID: PMC3211333.
Lowell S. Characterization of porous solids and powders: surface area, pore size and density. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012; 16.
Ozacar M. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto alunite. Chemosphere. 2003 Apr; 51(4):321-7. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00847-0. PMID: 12604084.
Tan IA, Ahmad AL, Hameed BH. Adsorption of basic dye on high-surface-area activated carbon prepared from coconut husk: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Hazard Mater. 2008 Jun 15; 154(1-3):337-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.031. Epub 2007 Oct 13. PMID: 18035483.
Joshi S, Pokharel BP. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) seed stone by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. Journal of the Institute of Engineering. 2013; 9(1): 79-88.
Uraz C. Electroless Nickel Plating on Abs Plastic by Using Environmentally Friendly Chemicals. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics. 2017; (1):1-8.
Haque SE, Sheela A. Biocompatible interpolymer complex matrix tablets-an oral sustained release class-III antidiabetic drug. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing. 2017.